Although women account for about 50 per cent of the population in Sierra Leone, only 28 per cent are household heads. They reinstated the constitution and returned power to Stevens, who at last assumed the office of Prime Minister. [209], Children who have been forced to be part of a war have experienced severe mental and emotional damage in Sierra Leone. FM relays of the BBC World Service (in Freetown, Bo, Kenema and Makeni), Radio France Internationale (Freetown only) and Voice of America (Freetown only) are also broadcast. Realizing that he lacked sufficient strength, he resorted to diplomacy. [209] In numbers, females present a lower per cent (6.3) versus males (15.2) when it comes to be paid employees. [77] He based the government on the rule of law and the separation of powers, with multiparty political institutions and fairly viable representative structures. Additionally, a significant part of Sierra Leones history can be ascribed to the arrival of Pedro da Cintra, a Portuguese Explorer. Sierra Leone is a major producer of gem-quality diamonds. The interior plateau and mountain region, encompassing roughly the eastern half of the country, is composed mainly of granite with a thick laterite (iron-bearing) crust; to the west, it is bounded by a narrow outcrop of mineral-bearing metamorphic rocks known as the Kambui Schists. The arts in Sierra Leone are a mixture of tradition and hybrid African and western styles.[259][260][261]. . On 19 April 1971, when Sierra Leone became a republic, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces were renamed the Republic of Sierra Leone Military Force (RSLMF). Strasser was later ousted by his army colleague and second-in-command Julius Maada Bio, for failing to commit to a quick transfer to civilian rule. Rulers who had been kings and queens became instead paramount chiefs, some of them appointed by the administration, and then forced into a subordinate relationship. [115] Bio defeated Samura Kamara of the ruling All People's Congress (APC) in the country's tightly contested 2018 presidential election. [216], The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the population is 1.6%, higher than the world average of 1% but lower than the average of 6.1% across Sub-Saharan Africa. [72][73], On 27 April 1961, Sir Milton Margai led Sierra Leone to independence from Great Britain and became the country's first Prime Minister. The Colony was Freetown and its coastal area; the Protectorate was defined as the hinterland areas dominated by local chiefs. Covering a total area of 71,740km2 (27,699sqmi),[12] Sierra Leone has a tropical climate, with diverse environments ranging from savanna to rainforests. Within hours after taking office, Stevens was ousted in a bloodless military coup led by Brigadier General David Lansana, the commander of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. [35] The Dutch and French also started arriving and set up trade near the coast. Under President Stevens, the SSD had been a powerful personal force used to maintain his hold on power, independent from the Sierra Leone Military and Sierra Leone Police Force. [203] The Jehovahs Witnesses[204] and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints[205][206] are the two most prominent non-Trinitarian Christians in Sierra Leone, and they form a small but significant minority of the Christian population in Sierra Leone. Makeni is home to Sierra Leone's incumbent President, Ernest Bai Koroma. The figure for Freetown is for the Western Urban Area (Greater Freetown). [181][182][183] The Islamic holidays of Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Maulid-un-Nabi (Birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) are observed as national holidays in Sierra Leone. Before 2017, this province included the area that is now the North West Province of Sierra Leone. 50%. Waterloo is the second largest city in the Western Area region of Sierra Leone, after Freetown. Sierra Leone is a West African country near the Atlantic Ocean. To be elected president of Sierra Leone, a candidate must gain at least 55% of the vote. Pro-slavery advocates accused the Black Poor of being responsible for a large proportion of crime in 18th century London. By geographical area, Koinadugu District is the largest by several thousand square kilometers. They seized control of the government, arresting Lansana, and suspending the constitution. The third-largest ethnic group are the Limba at about 8.4% of the population. Margai used his conservative ideology to lead Sierra Leone without much strife. Mining of diamonds in the east and other minerals expanded, drawing labourers there from other parts of the country. Black settlers were captured by unscrupulous traders and sold as slaves, and the remaining colonists were forced to arm themselves for their own protection. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90.2 (2012): 120-127F. The demonstration was quickly put down by the army and Stevens' own personal Special Security Division (SSD), a heavily armed paramilitary force he had created to protect him and maintain his hold on power. Steven was later freed and fled the country; went into exile in neighbouring Guinea. Nearly 20,000 Liberian refugees voluntarily returned to Liberia over the course of 2007. [55]:34,223255, These Liberated Africans were from many areas of Africa, but principally the west coast. Margai employed a brokerage style of politics, by sharing political power among political parties and interest groups; especially the involvement of powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, most of whom were key allies of his government. [116] The Sierra Leone parliament is led by the Speaker of Parliament, who is the overall leader of Parliament and is directly elected by sitting members of parliament. Media in Sierra Leone began with the introduction of the first printing press in Africa at the start of the 19th century. They did not maintain relationships even with longstanding allies, such as Bai Bureh, who was later unfairly portrayed as a prime instigator of the Hut Tax War.[65]. Sierra Leone's national politics centres on the competition between the north-west, dominated by the Temne, and the south-east dominated by the Mende. ", "BBC On This Day | 27 | 1961: Sierra Leone wins independence", "Politicized security forces or tribalized national politics; which is which? A brutal civil war broke out the same year, which went on for 11 years with devastating effects. Headquarters district formed from coastal sections of Karene and Ronietta. The Inter-Religious Council of Sierra Leone estimated that 77% of Sierra Leone's population are Muslims, 21% are Christians, and 2% are followers of traditional African religion. Instead, it borders two domestic provinces and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the recovery will depend on the success of the government's efforts to limit corruption by officials, which many feel was the chief cause of the civil war. There are ten regional airports in Sierra Leone, and one international airport. Four of these are provinces, and one is simply called the Western Area. Sierra Leone has good relations with the West, including the United States, and has maintained historical ties with the United Kingdom and other former British colonies through its membership of the Commonwealth of Nations. The first is the Guma plant which was decommissioned in 1982, the second is the Dodo Plant which is located in the Eastern Province, and finally the Bumbuna plant. Norman was a guard to Governor-general Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. The first of these goals is to provide solar power to at least 50,000 homes in 2016, the second is 250,000 homes by 2017, and finally to provide power to 1,000,000 people by 2020. The other ethnic groups are the Mandingo (also known as Mandinka). The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. Roads and hospitals were constructed in the provinces, and Paramount Chiefs and provincial peoples became a prominent force in Freetown. Highlighting the specifics, the report shows that women still make up the majority of Sierra Leones population at three million, eight hundred and twenty thousand, nine hundred and fifty-five (3,820,955) which is 50.6% of the total population. This is due to substandard safety standards.[154]. [157] The burning of these sources has been reported to have adverse health effects on women and children. Stevens held on to this position for 14 years (until 1985) under a one-party system of government facilitated by the controversial 1978 Constitution. Each district has both major and small cities and towns. Statistics Sierra Leone in its report said the country started recording its population in 1963, then numbering two million one hundred and eighty thousand, three hundred and fifty-five (2,180,355). The monopoly was scheduled to last 98 years. Sierra Leone has a population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities that subdivide the country. The large majority of Sierra Leonean Christians are Protestant, of which the largest groups are the Wesleyan Methodists. The Eastern Province is the center of the countrys diamond mining industry. [16] Muslims make up about three-quarters of the population, though with an influential Christian minority. [218], A dialysis machine, the first of its kind in the country, was donated by Israel.[219]. 4043. They have no tradition of origin, and it is believed that they have lived in Sierra Leone since before the European encounter. These problems became so severe that the SLPP boycotted the 1973 general election; as a result the APC won 84 of the 85 elected seats.[85]. Ten years later, on 19 April 1971, the country became a republic, with an elected President as the Head of State. Along the streets of towns and cities across Sierra Leone, one can find foods consisting of fruit, vegetables and snacks such as fresh mangoes, oranges, pineapple, fried plantains, ginger beer, fried potato, fried cassava with pepper sauce; small bags of popcorn or peanuts, bread, roasted corn, or skewers of grilled meat or shrimp. 208,795 (2015); Goderich - York Urban Area: pop. But in May, when nearly all Nigerian forces had left and UN forces were trying to disarm the RUF in eastern Sierra Leone, Sankoh's forces clashed with the UN troops, and some 500 peacekeepers were taken hostage as the peace accord effectively collapsed. In November 1951, Margai oversaw the drafting of a new constitution, which united the separate Colonial and Protectorate legislatures and provided a framework for decolonisation. The president is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two five-year terms. Sierra Leone's Freetown is a favourite destination for tourists. 50%. Sierra Leone is a country in the western region of Africa bordering Liberia, Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean. The country can be divided into four distinct physical regions: the coastal swamp, the Sierra Leone Peninsula, the interior plains, and the interior plateau and mountain region. To maintain the support of the military, Stevens retained the popular John Amadu Bangura as head of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. [156] Previous to this compact agreement, Sierra Leone's private sector for solar energy was weak, as it provided energy to less than 5% of the target population. The central bank is the Bank of Sierra Leone. Sir Milton Margai became Sierra Leone's first prime minister. Sherbro was influential and powerful and the British greatly feared him. They began moving into Sierra Leone slowly and peacefully in the eighteenth century. It is listed among countries of concern for emissions, as having Low Forest Cover with High Rates of Deforestation (LFHD). Freetown is Sierra Leone's political, economic, cultural, financial, and educational center. [101], Sierra Leone is located on the southwest coast of West Africa, lying mostly between latitudes 7 and 10N (a small area is south of 7), and longitudes 10 and 14W. In his first public broadcast to the nation following the 1996 coup, Brigadier Bio stated that his support for returning Sierra Leone to a democratically elected civilian government and his commitment to ending the civil war were his motivations for the coup. [157] The use of coal and firewood has also posed environmental concerns as they are both in conflict with the push for more sustainable sources of energy. The 68% of the rural population without access to an improved water source relied on surface water (50%), unprotected wells (9%) and unprotected springs (9%). The constitution of Sierra Leone provides for freedom of religion and the Sierra Leone Government generally protects it. Sierra Leone's tropical climate, heavy annual rainfall, and abundance of rivers give it the potential to realistically pursue more solar and hydropower alternatives. In 1992, just a year after the war broke out, President Momoh was ousted in a coup led by Sierra Leone Army captain Valentine Strasser. In 1978, the APC-dominant parliament approved a new constitution making the country a one-party state. [148] Agriculture accounted for 58 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. The report indicated that the country's just . The Creoles, a descendant from the Nova Scotia, Maroons and Recaptives. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Freetown was known as the "Athens of Africa" due to the large number of excellent schools in Freetown and surrounding areas. Sherbro also sent fighters to assist Bai Bureh in the fight against the British. List of districts of Sierra Leone by Human Development Index, "Sierra Leone unveils new geographical map", "National Electoral Commission - Press Release", "2015 Population and Housing Census Final Results", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Sierra_Leone&oldid=1114634415, This page was last edited on 7 October 2022, at 13:52. President Momoh named James Bambay Kamara as the head of the Sierra Leone Police. Statistics Sierra Leone in its report said the country started recording its population in 1963, then numbering two million one hundred and eighty thousand, three hundred and fifty-five (2,180,355). The Sherbro are virtually all Christians, and their paramount chiefs had a history of intermarriage with British colonists and traders. The president appoints and heads a cabinet of ministers, which must be approved by the Parliament. The 20 Biggest Football Stadiums in the World, The Top 10 Largest Deserts in the World: A Journey Through Vast, Diverse Landscapes, Highest Mountains in the World (higher than 8,000 meters), Tourism in the Philippines: 20 Reasons to Visit. In 1995 Defence Headquarters was established, and the Sierra Leone Air Wing formed. [108] The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 2.76/10, ranking it 154th globally out of 172 countries.[109]. Stations mainly consist of local commercial stations with a limited broadcast range, combined with a few stations with national coverage Capital Radio Sierra Leone being the largest of the commercial stations. Many senior officers in the Sierra Leone Army were greatly disappointed with Stevens' policies and his handling of the Sierra Leone Military, but none could confront Stevens. [69] Owing to the astute politics of Milton Margai, the educated Protectorate elites were able to join forces with the paramount chiefs in the face of Krio intransigence. In 2007, a pay-per-view service was also introduced by GTV as part of a pan-African television service in addition to the nine-year-old sub-Saharan Digital satellite television service (DStv) originating from Multichoice Africa in South Africa. In August 2017, one new province (Northwestern), two new districts (Falaba and Karene) and. [159] It is located near the Seli River and Freetown and was estimated to produce about 50 megawatts of electricity. . In 1792 nearly 1,200 persons from Nova Scotia crossed the Atlantic to build the second (and only permanent) Colony of Sierra Leone and the settlement of Freetown on 11 March 1792. Because of their trading, the Fulas are found in nearly all parts of the country. Sierra Leone is home to Sub-Saharan Africa's first Western-style university: Fourah Bay College (established in 1827). In the south, the plains comprise a rolling wooded country where isolated hills rise abruptly to more than 1,000 feet (300 metres). [60], In the early 19th century, Freetown served as the residence of the British colonial governor of the region, who also administered the Gold Coast (now Ghana) and the Gambia settlements. The Limba are close political allies of the neighbouring Temne. The Krios are virtually all Christians at about 99%. There are several systems of transport in Sierra Leone, which has a road, air and water infrastructure, including a network of highways and several airports. 14 are rural, with the capital Freetown divided into 2 districts. [79] [209] However, female household does change depending on their marital status. After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). [157] A 2012 study was done on the correlation between Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and burning biomass fuels in the home. It is a sweet, lightly fermented palm wine,[245] and is found in bars in towns and villages across the country. By 2004, the disarmament process was complete. The Western Area Urban District, including Freetown, the capital and largest city, has a population density of 1,224 persons per square km. Association football is by far the most popular sport in Sierra Leone. Upon arrival in Sierra Leone, each recaptive was given a registration number, and information on their physical qualities would be entered into the Register of Liberated Africans. The Christian holidays of Christmas, Boxing Day, Good Friday and Easter are also national holidays in Sierra Leone. In Kono District, a rural eastern region of 500,00 people, famous for its diamond mines and as the epicenter of Sierra Leone's decade-long civil war, PIH is investing in every level of the health system. A woman can be the head of the house only if she remains single for the rest of her life. [177][178][179] Most the major Muslim and Christian holidays are officially national holidays in the country, and religious conflict is rare.[180]. The districts of Sierra Leone The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts. [20] Much trust was placed upon him as he championed multi-party politics. 50%. [201] Many Christian organisations in Sierra Leone, including the Council of Churches condemned Ajisafe's sermon against Islam and Muslims. In seeing the shape of mountains like a Lion and amidst the thunderstorm he named the mountains Sierra Lyoa (meaning Lion Mountains in Portuguese) Later, the name Sierra Leone was derived from the Portuguese term Sierra Lyoa. "Female Genital Cutting: Current Practices and Beliefs in Western Africa." Eventually, with some more recruitment, 411 passengers sailed to Sierra Leone in April 1787. They primarily occupy the capital city of Freetown and its surrounding Western Area. In 1562, the English initiated the Triangular Trade when admiral Sir John Hawkins of the Royal Navy transported 300 enslaved Africans acquired "by the sword and partly by other means" to the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea area of the West Indies islands, where he sold them. Bo was then the capital of the British Protectorate of Sierra Leone until the country gained independence in 1961. The Fula are primarily traders, and many live in middle-class homes. These included Nigerians, Ghanaians, Ivorians and many more, especially in the fields of theology and education. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. The current members of the Parliament of Sierra Leone were elected in the 2012 Sierra Leone parliamentary election. 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